숑샘 숑샘

# Gainsborough’s ‘Blue Boy’: A Bold Rebuttal to Artistic Conventions ❶ It is fascinating to watch an artist striving to achieve the right balance, but if we were to ask him why he did this or changed that, he might not be able to tell us. ❷ He does not follow any fixed rules.❸ He just feels his way. ❹ It is true that some artists or critics in certain periods have tried to formulate laws of the..

# New Criticism Shifts Focus from Author to Text❶ Texts must be interpreted, that is, analyzed for both explicit and implicit meanings. ❷ Since it is impossible to know with any certainty what an author intends, one alternative is to discount the intentions of the author and concentrate on whatever meaning the text generates. ❸ As D. H. Lawrence famously declared, "Never trust the teller, trus..

# Language Serves Many Uses, But Aims at Cooperation ❶ You may have noticed that language has a variety of actual and potential uses. ❷ Marvel for just a moment at the flexibility, utility, and power of language as a set of tools. ❸ Language can be used to describe the world or some part of it, pose problems, suggest solutions, issue orders, make agreements, tell stories, tell jokes, sing songs..

# Human Speech Turns Few Sounds into Infinite Messages ❶ Human speech differs from the cries of other species in many ways. ❷ One very important distinction is that all other animals use one call for one message as the general principle of communication. ❸ This means that the number of possible messages is very restricted.❹ If a new message is to be included in the system, a new sound has to be..